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                <text>Documents history of over 200,000 US Colored Troops during the Civil War&#13;
&#13;
 *** as of January 2026 museum is closed for renovation&#13;
1925 Vermont Avenue NW&#13;
&#13;
African American Civil War Memorial is located at 10th  and U street  ( across the street from the museum)</text>
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                <text>Three Examples Include:&#13;
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Home of Carter G. Woodson, Father of Black History Month  1538 9th St. NW&#13;
&#13;
Mary McLeod Bethune Council House and Home-&#13;
Headquarters of National Council of Negro Women&#13;
1318 Vermont Avenue, NW&#13;
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Whitelaw Hotel - 25 apartments, 22 rooms, and communal space for blacks opened  November 24, 1919 . Example of minority real estate development&#13;
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                <text>Crispus Attucks, a sailor of mixed African and Indigenous ancestry, died in Boston on March 5, 1770 after British soldiers fired two musket balls into his chest.1 His death and that of four other men at the hands of the 29th Regiment became known as the  Boston Massacre.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.nps.gov/people/crispus-attucks.htm"&gt;https://www.nps.gov/people/crispus-attucks.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>During the American Revolution African American men, both enslaved and free fought in the Continental Army. Black soldiers served in mostly integrated units at this time.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.nps.gov/chyo/learn/historyculture/african-americans-in-the-revolutionary-war.htm"&gt;National Park Service&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Enslaved African American had very different paths during the American Revolution</text>
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                <text>William Lee, valet to George Washington, who endured seven years of the war alongside Washington&#13;
&#13;
James Fayette, who as a spy, helped secure American victory&#13;
&#13;
Harry Washington, as one of the 100,000 Black Loyalists,  joined the British Army&#13;
&#13;
 First Rhode Island Regiment, which was organized in 1781, included 140  enslaved black soldiers</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-revolutionary-war/african-americans-in-the-revolutionary-war"&gt;Give Me Liberty: African Americans In the Revolutionary War&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>To read more about Marie von Brittan: The Washington Post in Retropolis  February 5, 2023 entitled "&lt;a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/02/01/marie-brown-video-home-security/"&gt;Few know a Black woman invented the home security system&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/02/01/marie-brown-video-home-security/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>A non-profit association that recognize Black inventors for their contributions to society. Included on the website is a gallery of the inventors and a description of their inventions. One such inventor is Marie Von Brittan, who with her husband, filed a patent on August 1,1966 for  a "home security  system utilizing television surveillance"  The patent was approved in 1969.</text>
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                <text>In 1959, Fairfax County Resident Leslie R. Coates was summoned to serve as a Grand Juror on the Special Grand Juror of Inquest in the Fairfax County Circuit Court. The jurors went to the courthouse cafeteria at lunch time.  When Coates sat down to eat, the cafeteria manager said he could not sit or eat in the dining area because of his race. Coates asked for a refund, but was refused. Coates’ subsequent actions led to the desegregation of the cafeteria.</text>
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                <text>“&lt;a href="https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/VAFAIRFAXCOUNTY/bulletins/3efa7e1"&gt;Desegregating the Fairfax Courthouse Cafeteria&lt;/a&gt;." Found in the Archives no. 114. Circuit Court. Historic Records Center.</text>
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                <text>On May 1, 1865, freed slaves in Charleston, S.C. honored the graves of Union soldiers.</text>
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                <text>Carter G. Woodson dedicated his life to educating African Americans about the achievements and contributions of their ancestors. In February 1926, Woodson sent out a press release announcing the first Negro History Week. He chose February because the month contained the birthdays of both Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, two prominent men whose historic achievements African Americans already celebrated.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.history.com/news/the-man-behind-black-history-month"&gt;https://www.history.com/news/the-man-behind-black-history-month&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&lt;li&gt;Organized by subject, alphabetically&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Examples-&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;African American Artists&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;This guide highlights the work of Black photographers, printmakers, and other artists in the Prints &amp;amp; Photographs collections at the Library of Congress.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harry Thacker Burleigh composer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Harry Thacker Burleigh played a significant role in the history of American art song, having composed over two hundred works in the genre. He was the first African-American composer acclaimed for his concert songs and his adaptations  of African-American spirituals.&lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://guides.loc.gov/african-american-studies"&gt;https://guides.loc.gov/african-american-studies&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organized by the NAACP&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Included are digital images of (1) the flyer distributed by the NAACP several days before the 1917 Silent Protest parade, organized to protest lynchings and other violence against blacks, especially the East St. Louis race riot, and (2) an undated memo sent to NAACP branches listing the mottoes used on banners in the parade.&lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/forward/text4/silentprotest.pdf"&gt;https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/forward/text4/silentprotest.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Nearly ten thousand African Americans marched in silence in New York City on July 28, 1917. Participants organized in protest of riots, lynching and other violence against Blacks.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-silent-protest-parade"&gt;https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-silent-protest-parade&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>10 Million Names is dedicated to recovering the names of the estimated ten million men, women, and children of African descent who were enslaved in pre- and post-colonial America (specifically, the territory that would become the United States) between the 1500s and 1865. 10 Million Names is engaging a collaborative network of expert genealogists, cultural organizations, and community-based family historians. Together we will amplify the voices of people who have been telling their family stories for centuries, connect researchers and data partners with people seeking answers to family history questions, and expand access to data, resources, and information about enslaved African Americans.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://10millionnames.org/about-10-million-names"&gt;https://10millionnames.org/about-10-million-names&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Often referred to as "The Black National Anthem," Lift Every Voice and Sing was a hymn written as a poem by NAACP leader James Weldon Johnson in 1900. His brother, John Rosamond Johnson (1873-1954), composed the music for the lyrics. A choir of 500 schoolchildren at the segregated Stanton School, where James Weldon Johnson was principal, first performed the song in public on February 12, 1900 in Jacksonville, Florida to celebrate President Abraham Lincoln's birthday. The song was later adopted by NAACP and prominently used as a rallying cry during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/lift-every-voice-and-sing"&gt;https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/lift-every-voice-and-sing&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>L&lt;span&gt;ibrary of Congress: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2010586916/?fbclid=IwAR2z2rU5MDq6q8-tTdGyZDTMf9pksB1Qes8omOW7bVFg5bxm4dbiAJZXyn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/item/2010586916/?fbclid=IwAR2z2rU5MDq6q8-tTdGyZDTMf9pksB1Qes8omOW7bVFg5bxm4dbiAJZXyn&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>In 1938, Victor Green, a mail carrier in New York City, recognized a need for a guidebook, describing where African Americans could eat and stay during the years of the Jim Crow segregation. The “Green Book” was published for over 30 years and expanded to all 50 states. Listings also included stores, hair salons, gas stations, etc. No locations in Fairfax County were described, however Fairfax County residents could use the guide book when traveling.</text>
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                <text>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sources:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.virginiagreenbook.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.virginiagreenbook.com&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://community.village.virginia.edu/greenbooks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://community.village.virginia.edu/greenbooks/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One can also read digitized issues at:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/the-green-book#/?tab=about&amp;amp;scroll=15" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/the-green-book#/?tab=about&amp;amp;scroll=15&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href="http://community.village.virginia.edu/greenbooks/content/r" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://community.village.virginia.edu/greenbooks/content/r&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>Willa Brown’s Fight for Inclusion by Dennis K. Johnson</text>
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                <text>Willa Brown was a high school teacher. a licensed aviator, a licensed aircraft mechanic, and one of the founders of the National Airmen’s Association that was dedicated to increase African American participation in aviation. AOPA Pilot </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2022/february/10/willa-browns-fight-for-inclusion"&gt;https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2022/february/10/willa-browns-fight-for-inclusion&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Almost 40,000 attended the “Blackbirds,” first all-black aerobatic team, perform at the first all-Black air circus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;AOPA Pilot&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; July 5, 2009 by Phil Scott.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;AOPA [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://fairfaxaahi.centerformasonslegacies.com/%20https%3A/www.aopa.org%20%E2%80%BA%20all-news%20%E2%80%BA%202009%20%E2%80%BA%20july%20%E2%80%BA%20pilot%20%20%0D"&gt;https://www.aopa.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;› all-news › 2009 › july › pilot &lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.uis.edu/africanamericanstudies/students/sankofa/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.uis.edu/africanamericanstudies/students/sankofa/\&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Known to some as the country's “second Independence Day,” Juneteenth celebrates the freedom of enslaved people in the United States at the end of the Civil War. For more than 150 years, African American communities across the country have observed this holiday. Juneteenth became a federal holiday in 2021. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; tells the story of how in the westernmost Confederate state of Texas, enslaved people would not be free until two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamations went into effect. Freedom finally came on June 19, 1865, when some 2,000 Union troops arrived in Galveston Bay, Texas.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/historical-legacy-juneteenth" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture"&gt;National Museum of African American History and Culture&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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