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                  <text>Oral Histories</text>
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                <text>Interviews with a Selection of Reston’s African American Pioneers</text>
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                <text>A series of interviews with a selection of Reston’s African American pioneers was conducted for Reston Community Television’s program entitled “Reston’s African American Legacy”. A book containing a selection of the interviews, Reston's African American Legacy by LaVerne Gill, is available for research in the Reston Museum’s reference library (by appointment). Two of the public programs on this topic can be found on the Reston Museum YouTube channel.</text>
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                <text>Reston Museum YouTube channel links:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJG61jAgpAg&amp;amp;list=PLnV99tUjmJMKMyh-wchSreGL6L90vhhyO&amp;amp;index=4&amp;amp;t=1s&amp;amp;ab_channel=RestonMuseum"&gt;Reston's African American Legacy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzOmuE3Zszk&amp;amp;list=PLnV99tUjmJMKMyh-wchSreGL6L90vhhyO&amp;amp;index=61&amp;amp;ab_channel=RestonMuseum"&gt;Early Reston - Building Community: Diversity &amp;amp; Openness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Thirteen individual interviews available on DeAnna M's YouTube channel: &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo7xTxPhPMi0meMK4-Z5Wow"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo7xTxPhPMi0meMK4-Z5Wow&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reston's African American Legacy&lt;/em&gt; by LaVerne Gill&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Virginia Slave Narratives</text>
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                <text>April 28, 2022</text>
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                <text>The website includes “the names of enslaved and formerly enslaved Virginians who authored narratives of their lives, were the subjects of biographies, or who spoke to journalists or oral historians.”</text>
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                <text>Brendan Wolfe</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/virginia-slave-narratives/"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Encyclopedia Virginia Virginia Humanities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;The course involves examining and learning about history from a different perspective from what is taught in a typical history class. There also is a heavy emphasis on examining local history, going as small as your neighborhood potentially. The goal of the second semester internship was to interview various African American residents who are native to Fairfax County to begin documenting the African American experience in the county. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interview Summaries  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Camille Brown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; lived in Bailey’s Crossroads. She started high school at Luther Jackson High that was then the only high school for all black students in Fairfax County. When schools were desegregated, she attended JEB Stuart High School,where she had to sit in the back of the school bus and eat by herself at lunch. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Dee Dee Carter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; grew up in Vienna.  Her family includes descendants of Native Americans of the Powhatan Confederacy.  She opposed a fundraising activity at her high school where students acted as slaves and others paid money to free the “slaves.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Chrystal Gaskins&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; grew up in Northern Virginia.  The interracial marriage of her parents was considered taboo.  In high school, she had to fight to take the automotive class, because a woman had never done that before. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Phyllis Walker- Ford&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; grew up in Franconia where her father was born. She attended segregated schools in Fairfax County and participated in sit-ins at college administration buildings. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Bobby Whitmore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; grew up in the house his father built in Merrifield. His father was the first African American mail carrier in the area. Because of the light color of his skin, Bobby was harassed by both black and white classmates.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>Nia Maronda</text>
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                <text>Solene Montgomery</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://research.fairfaxcounty.gov/local-history/oral-histories" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://research.fairfaxcounty.gov/local&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;history/oral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;histories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Transcripts of interviews of Dr. Edwin Henderson and Mary Ellen Henderson</text>
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                <text>Virginia Room, City of Fairfax Regional Library</text>
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                <text>Interviews of Fairfax County residents were collected by Marion Dobbins to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The interviewees described their personal involvement with the Civil Rights Movement.  Each interview is approximately 12 minutes long.   &#13;
&#13;
Bernard Ames    &#13;
Joann Bagnerise    &#13;
Sallie Baker    &#13;
William Ewell     &#13;
Marion Dobbins    &#13;
Fannie Fitzgerald    &#13;
Glorine Gholson    &#13;
Winifred Gilmore    &#13;
John Harper   &#13;
Marguerite Harris and  &#13;
Joyce Webster  &#13;
Edwin and &#13;
 Nikki Henderson    &#13;
Alice Howard    &#13;
Lillie Jessie    &#13;
Alice Lightfoot     &#13;
Velma Massenberg  &#13;
Ervinia (Venus) Miller    &#13;
Curtis Porter    &#13;
Viola Richardson    &#13;
Robert Simon    &#13;
Bruce Smith 111  &#13;
Herman Smith      &#13;
Juanita Smith    &#13;
Reverend Dr. Kenny Smith     &#13;
Reverend Dr. Mary Smith   &#13;
Ralph Smith    &#13;
William Smith    &#13;
Etta Richards Stozier      &#13;
Norman Sultan  &#13;
Alice Taylor &#13;
Inez Wells  </text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://ethnography.gmu.edu/collections/the-northern-virginia-civil-rights-archive"&gt;https://ethnography.gmu.edu/collections/the-northern-virginia-civil-rights-archive&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Each person’s contribution to the McLean Community is described and a photo is included.  &#13;
&#13;
Bernie Boston; Page 104, Mable Coates - Page 108, Myra Coates - Page 108  &#13;
Otrich Sharper Jackson Costley - Page 19, Eric Hall Dorsey - Page 116  &#13;
Dingwall Fleary - Page 102- Martina Hall - Page 59  &#13;
Wanda Hill - Page 107- Sonja Duffin Hurlbutt - Page 111  &#13;
Mary Emma Sharper Kenney -Page 26, Rufus Kenney - Page 26  &#13;
Florence E. Smith - Page 19- Michelle Spady - Page 118  &#13;
Virese Hall Thornton - Page 59-Lucy Turner – Images of America, McLean; Page 64  &#13;
John Watson Mills –Page 16 </text>
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                <text>Carole Herrick</text>
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                <text>The citations are labeled either 100 or Additional. The description of each person’s biographical interview will include major topics mentioned in the interview. &#13;
&#13;
- Ailene V. Borgus –100   grew up on Ash Grove Farm, attended Odrick’s School and Manassas Industrial School and was a member of Shiloh Baptist Church  &#13;
- Archie Henry Borgus, Jr. -Additional     grew up on Ash Grove Farm, attended Odrick’s School and Armstrong High School [an all-Black school - Armstrong Manual Training School in DC], described what Tyson’s Corner looked like prior to the shopping center being built   &#13;
- Harold Carter –100 Attended Odrick’s School and Manassas Industrial School   described Tyson’s Corner  &#13;
- Leon C. Gamble – Additional Described discrimination and how parents intervened to get him admitted as only Black student at Longfellow Intermediate   &#13;
- Robert Hall –100 Cottonwood Street community and the family of Christopher Columbus Hall   &#13;
- Susie I. Hall –100 Cottonwood Street community, attended Chesterbrook one room schoolhouse, was a member of World War II nurse’s unit   &#13;
- Gladys Harper – Additional    McLean resident  &#13;
- Sonja Duffin Hurlbutt – Additional Resident of Great Falls and Forestville, Springvale Farm  &#13;
- Ora Lawson –100 Teacher at Old Cub Run School, lived in Blakely Manor built by developer African America Blakely F. Weaver, described discrimination by businesses in neighborhoods   &#13;
- Susie Boston Miles – Additional Grew up on a small farm, grandmother had escaped slavery, attended Chesterbrook School and Gunnell’s Chapel - described growing up   &#13;
- Nancy A. Sampson – Additional – lived in McLean starting 1958 member of Shiloh Baptist Church for over 40 years   &#13;
- Virese Hall Thornton –100 Described her ancestor Christopher Columbus Hall   and the Black community on Cottonwood Street   &#13;
- Barbara Lee Carter Wilks - 100 Described Barnes Family and Stoney Hill [ today’s Tyson’s Corner], attended Odrick’s School, Louise Archer School, and Luther Jackson High School </text>
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&#13;
Marion Dobbins, a life-long resident of Merrifield, Virginia, is a sixth-generation Fairfax County resident.  &#13;
&#13;
Helen Louise Marshall Haight was born in the African American community known as The Pines off of Woodburn Road. She describes her experiences of growing up near Merrifield in this summarized interview.   &#13;
&#13;
Edwin Bancroft Henderson II, the grandson of Dr. E.B. Henderson, is the founder and Executive Director the Tinner Hill Heritage Foundation.  &#13;
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Aileen Wright grew up in The Pines and Merrifield area in the 1930s. </text>
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                <text>Includes former student interviews. A history of Luther Jackson High School by Mathelle Lee.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaTg1hlaA-k"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaTg1hlaA-k&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Fairfax County Public Schools Alumni and Educators Share Memories of Desegregation   &#13;
&#13;
Rayfield Barber was the first Black student to integrate a FCPS public high school.  &#13;
Joe and Sharon Parks integrated FCPS high schools. Joe attended Groveton High School and Sharon attended Fort Hunt High School.  &#13;
Jacqueline Burruss - integrated Bucknell Elementary School. &#13;
Sheila Coates integrated the teaching staff at Floris Elementary School.</text>
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                <text>Interviews of alumni who share their memories of attending segregated schools.&#13;
&#13;
Luther Jackson High School   &#13;
James Lee and Merrifield Elementary Schools   &#13;
Manassas Industrial School   </text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;James Lee and Merrifield: &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqAIH-ysi9U"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqAIH-ysi9U&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Manassas Industrial School: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWTfah7kbUY"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWTfah7kbUY&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Shades of Change: The Other Side of Floris</text>
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                <text>Videotape – Frying Pan Farm Park&#13;
&#13;
Sound recording with interviews about Floris Colored School and African American Children’s education</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Department of Information Technology, Fairfax County Public Schools&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ULqtS64h2c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ULqtS64h2c&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>George Mason University Hours:&#13;
Walk In: M-F 10:00-1:00PM&#13;
Appointment Only: M-F 1:30-4:30PM Saturday-Sunday: CLOSED</text>
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              <text>Special Collections Research Center is located on the Fairfax Campus of George Mason University in the Fenwick Library in room 2400 (second floor)</text>
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              <text>Hunter Mill</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contact:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Phone: 703-993-2220&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Fax: 703-993-8911&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Email:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:speccoll@gmu.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;speccoll@gmu.edu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Address:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Special Collections Research Center Fenwick Library&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;4400 University Drive MSN 2FL Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Vienna Oral Histories at GMU Special Collections</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;GMU Special Collections, The Northern Virginia Oral History Project Collection &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scrc.gmu.edu/collections-subject.php#LOCHIST" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;http://scrc.gmu.edu/collections-subject.php#LOCHIST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Box 6:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Honesty, Columbus C., &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;September 11,1972 (1 sound cassette (45 min) mono and 1 duplicate cassette.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Life in the Black community of Vienna, VA.; 1 abstract (1p.).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Box 12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, October 2, 1974 (4 sound cassettes.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Black community life in and around Vienna, VA (ca. 1870-1940) with emphasis on Wakefield Chapel(1850-1972), Part 1.; 72-page transcript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, September 17, 1974 (2 sound cassettes (60 min.) mono)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Life in the Black community of Vienna, VA (ca. 1870-1960).; 67 page transcript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Box 13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, September 17, 1974 (Duplicate cassette for interview in box 12.) Life in the Black community of Vienna, VA (ca. 1870-1960).; 67 page transcript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, January 22,1970 (2 sound cassette (90 min.) mono and 1 duplicate set.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;A student's and teacher's reminiscences of the Black school of Fairfax County, VA (ca. 1875- 1955).; 14-page transcript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, 1971 (1 sound cassette and 1 duplicate cassette.) Box 24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, October 2, 1974 (2 sound tape reels)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Community life in Vienna,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; VA (ca. 1874-1971).; 1 abstract (2p.).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, September 17, 1974 (2 sound tape reels)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Life in the Black community of Vienna, VA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; (ca. 1870-1960).; 67-page transcript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, January 22,1970 (2 sound tape reel - master)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A student's and teacher's reminiscences of the Black school of Fairfax County, VA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; (ca. 1875-1955).; 14-page transcript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;b&gt;West, William&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, February 28, 1970 (1 sound tape reel)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h3&gt;&lt;b&gt;Same Material Described Another Way&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Index Catalog of Oral Histories Fairfax County, Virginia Compiled by the Fairfax County History Commission Commemorating the 275th Anniversary of Fairfax County &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ellis, Joseph and James Donn: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The 1984 transcribed oral history of Deacon Joseph Ellis, a Black resident of the Dranesville area took place with James Donn. Joseph talks about conversations with Arthur Godfrey, gypsies, health issues life in Wiehle (today Reston), Herndon, and Dranesville. The combined interview can be found in the rare book section (VRARE B Donn) at the Fairfax County Public Library’s Virginia Room, the Great Falls Library, or by contacting the Great Falls Historical Society. Joseph’s December 2, 1982, five-page abstract, plus a nine page handwritten abstract, and an October 28, 1983, four page handwritten abstract can be obtained at George Mason University’s Northern Virginia Oral History Project Collection, Series 4, Transcripts: Northern Virginia Changes (1972-1989), Box 14, folder 16 and in CD format at the George Mason University Oral History Project Collection (1978 – 2013).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Honesty, Columbus (Lum): &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Columbus, or Lum as he was known, resided off Beulah Road near Vienna. He was a World War I veteran and had a reputation as a comedian. Columbus often worked as a helper for E. E. Lyons &amp;amp; Company and as a day laborer for Faust and Freemont Day. His 1972 interview discussing life in the Black community in Vienna can be found in cassette format ant a one-page abstract at the George Mason University Library’s Oral History Project Collection, Series 1: Northern Virginia Community, 1958-1990. Box 6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Robinson, Bladen Oswald: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Oswald, a Black educator, spent over 40 years in the Fairfax County Public Schools, first as a teacher and in 1948 he took on the position of principal at the Vienna Colored School (today’s Louise Archer Elementary). When the schools were integrated in the county, Oswald was a primary force in making it work. His 1970 interview discussing his role as an educator in Fairfax County can be found in cassette format and a two page abstract at the Northern Virginia Oral History Project at George Mason University under Northern Virginia Community, 1958-1990, Series 1, Box 10. An additional 1986 interview can be located at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://web.edu/projects/ohpsp/r/155robinson.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;http://web.edu/projects/ohpsp/r/155robinson.html.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;b&gt;West, William A.: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;William, a Vienna resident, addressed life as life as an African-American in Fairfax County. He is buried in the Pleasant Grove Cemetery in McLean. His 1974 transcribed oral interview can be found at the Fairfax County Public Library’s Virginia Room rare book section under VRARE B West. Four additional interviews are available at the Northern Virginia Oral History Project at George Mason University under Northern Virginia Community, 1955-1990, Series 1, Box 12 and 13. They are as follows: A 1970 cassette and 14 page transcript titled “Student’s and Teacher’s Reminiscences of the Black School of Fairfax County (ca1875- 1955);” A 1971 cassette with no title; A 1974 Part 1 cassette and 72 page transcript titled “Black Community Life in and Around Vienna (ca.1870-1940); and a 1974 Part 2 cassette and 67 page transcript titled “Black Community Life in and Around Vienna (ca.1870-1960)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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131 Church Street, NE, Vienna VA 22180 </text>
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                <text>1970s interview on audio tape in the office that has not been digitized.: Mr West died in 1978 at age 104.</text>
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                <text>https://historicviennainc.org/&lt;a href="https://historicviennainc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://historicviennainc.org/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Oral History taken in February 2021 by Sylvia Taylor, Historic Vienna, Inc. Board Member. They discussed Preston’s growing up in Vienna, his career as a Fairfax County Police Commander, being the first African American Commander at the Mount Vernon District Station, his membership with the Moose Lodge, the involvement of his mother, Lillian Blackwell, in the community, and his thoughts on race relations past and present.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/TCS8LcVn9f0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://youtu.be/TCS8LcVn9f0&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Gloria Runyon and her family have lived in Vienna, Virginia, as she puts it, since “before it became Vienna.” Her roots in the town grow at least as far back as her great-grandfather, a Cherokee Indian, who built the home in which she still lives. Gloria Runyon’s family has always been deeply involved in the Vienna community, and her life and work is no exception</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://hvioralhistory.blogspot.com/2014/08/gloria-runyon-july-11-2014.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://hvioralhistory.blogspot.com/2014/08/gloria-runyon-july-11-2014.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This interview brought together James &amp; Gloria Carter, Ronald Honesty, Jean Minor, Ted &amp; Lorraine Thomas, and Daniel Bunaugh. The group discussed a wide array of subjects, including attending Louise Archer (formerly known as the Vienna Colored School), their early memories of home and family, starting their careers, the community of their churches, and their experiences of segregation.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://hvioralhistory.blogspot.com/2013/07/viennas-african-american-community-7-16.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://hvioralhistory.blogspot.com/2013/07/viennas-african-american-community-7-16.html&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>As a school board member, Mr. Frye felt that it was important to get the school district to have a holiday to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He worked several years before he achieved that goal</text>
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                <text>Robert Frye moved to Fairfax in 1967. Three times a member of the Fairfax County School Board-- both appointed and elected--Bob Frye worked for equal opportunity in the county as the area emerged from the era of segregation. He was the first minority member-at-large on the School Board.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.braddockheritage.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;www.braddockheritage.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Resources Oral History Robert Frye&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>African American Dennis Howard describes his family who lived in Merrifield, Tremont, Falls Church and Ilda. He describes how his great grandfather Horace Gibson, who purchased his freedom from slavery, and with another former enslaved person Moses Park, built and operated a blacksmith shop in the community Ilda on Little River Turnpike. He tells about his experience being the only Black student in his social studies class in middle school when his teacher assigned the students to research their roots back to Europe.&#13;
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                <text>Family history written by Dennis Howard’s cousin Shades of Gray" : a beginning-- the origins and development of a Black family in Fairfax, Virginia / written by Hareem Badil-Abish. Fairfax County Public Library</text>
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                <text>Dennis Howard led the efforts to preserve of the remains of the residents of Ilda whose burial sites were threatened by road construction. See historical markers- Ilda and Guinea Road Cemetery Reinternment</text>
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                <text>Both Helen Haight and Aileen Wright were raised in the Pines, a segregated community near today’s location of Pine Ridge Park. They grew up with no telephone, no electricity, no indoor plumbing, a wood stove, and an ice box. They had to haul water from nearby springs.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://research.fairfaxcounty.gov/ld.php?content_id=54296886" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://research.fairfaxcounty.gov/ld.php?content_id=54296886&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dramatic reading from historical documents performed by Bob Hartman, Janis Harless, Jerry Lyons, Gary Knipling, and Anne Barnes. Produced ... in order to document a small antebellum settlement of free Blacks clustered along Neck Road, now known as Harley Road, on Mason's Neck. For them the war brought dislocation, personal jeopardy, and economic loss. Gunston Hall Archaeologist Dave Shonyo narrates the film with remarks from Mary V. Thompson, Research Historian, Mount Vernon, and Rev. Donald Binder, PhD, Rector, Pohick Church, contributing commentary.</text>
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                <text>Produced by the Gunston Hall Seeds of Independence Committee </text>
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                <text>E185.18.B489 2012, Gunston Hall Library and Archives</text>
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                <text>Judith Saunders Burton grew up in Gum Springs, Virginia and lived in Prince Edward County and Farmville, Virginia during the years of school desegregation.</text>
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                <text>Interviewer: Robert Vay, George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/dove/id/57/"&gt;https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/dove/id/57/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This was a livestream presentation on Thursday, January 14, 2021, from George Washington’s Mount Vernon. It was a live discussion between William Holland and Brenda Parker, Mount Vernon Character Interpreter &amp; African American Interpretation &amp; Special Projects Coordinator, on the Holland family history and their connections to Mount Vernon.&#13;
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